C) 1,000 K. Imagine you are plunging into the Sun, starting from Earth. A) Early experiments designed to detect solar neutrinos found them, but in fewer numbers than had been expected. Why must the Sun's rate of fusion gradually rise over billions of years? less mass than the four hydrogen atoms, because the energy, produced an List at least two ways the sunspot cycle affects us on Earth. A D. It decreases to 1/2 its original magnitude. New resources and matter are being added to Earth's systems all the time. What is shown by the small-scale changes in the shading in the figure above? D) Neutrinos have a tendency to pass through just about anything without interactions, making them very difficult to detect. E) attract one another. We can learn about the densities and other characteristics of the various layers within the Sun by studying how the waves propagate throughout the Sun. A) remain stationary. Expert Answer. Under these conditions, hydrogen atoms come so close together that they fuse. D) a stream of charged particles flowing outward from the surface of the Sun. Why is the hole in the ozone greatest over Antarctica? B) the gravitational force which of the folloing statements about ionization energy is true? The first step was measuring the distance to the Sun which then allowed us to calculate how luminous it is and therefore how much energy is needed to power it. Write the Tollens' reagent chemical formula. Sunspots are cooler than the surrounding solar surface because One way to track the solar cycle is by counting the number of sunspots. 1,000 km (621 mi) above the Earth's surface. How does the Sun generate energy today? C) a hundred years ago. E) neutrinos from the solar core reach the solar surface easily. from single stars, is that it provides, a. Main sequence stars White dwarfs Red dwarfs Red giant stars Sun-like stars QUESTION 31 Which of the following statements about sunspots is NOT true? is lost from the atom, and energy is equivalent to mass, c. *a. *b. Which is the correct sequence for the following end-points of. Question: Which one of the following is NOT true? What are the appropriate units for the Sun's luminosity? primarily oxygen and several trace gases, such as carbon dioxide. a subjective determination of temperature. A) they are regions where convection carries cooler material downward. A Cepheid variable star with a period of a few days. At the beginning of the period, sunspots form at higher latitudes. additional The Montreal Protocol E) all of the above. a measurement of the composition (abundances of elements) inside. The dark spots are caused by regions of intense magnetic field, which are up to 2,500 times greater than the field of the earth. 1.A. B. ionization energy is the amount of energy used to add an electron to an atom. B) by observing the sizes of sunspots: Bigger sunspots mean a stronger field is not associated with transportation D) Our current understanding of fusion in the Sun suggests that all neutrinos should be destroyed before they arrive at Earth, yet neutrinos are being detected. A hydrogen nucleus (a proton) has a charge of +1 and a helium, nucleus Over time, solar activityand the number of sunspotsincreases. 13. We don't know, since their lifetimes are longer than the age of. C) 4 H becomes 1 He + energy. Sunspots occur in a regular cycle, with the number of sunspots occurring in any given year peaking and waning. B Which of the following is NOT true about the differences between vector data model and raster data model?. Which layer of the Sun do we normally see? A) gravitational contraction of the Sun 480 km (300 mi) above the Earth's surface. E) 4 H 1 He + energy. convective motion of gases in the upper portion of the Sun's, 24. Electrostatic forces between the highly charged iron nuclei are, sufficient A) They are too cold to emit any visible light. C) chemical reactions. 26. B) variations in the temperature of the photosphere B) at the same temperature but denser than the surface. A E. The equator always receives equal hours of day and night. a disk-shaped nebula of dust and gas rotating around a relatively. After passing through this layer, you will reach the radiation zone, where photons are engaged in a random dance as they are continuously absorbed and re-emitted by the hot gas there. Hydrogen fusion in the Sun requires a temperature (in Kelvin) of. They change size b. A) The number of sunspots peaks approximately every 11 years. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about sunspots? B) wave motions in the solar interior D) The number of sunspots on the Sun at any one time gradually rises and falls, with an average of 11 years between the times when sunspots are most numerous. E. CO2 is a by-product of life processes. B) Fusion reactions decrease the overall number of particles in the core, causing the core to shrink, converting gravitational potential energy into thermal energy, and increasing the rate of fusion. (b) Find the frequency of the photon absorbed in the J = 1 to J = 2 transition. They are cooler than the surrounding photosphere of the Sun. Describe a Laura y a Elin usando los verbos recprocos. A) about one meter C E) It joins with a nearby neutron to form a proton. What is the common cause of sunspots, flares, and prominences? A) collide. C) We have learned that the Sun's interior undergoes fusion at a lower rate than we had expected, and that is why we had observed fewer neutrinos than expected. They are hotter than the surrounding photosphere. While the atmosphere exerts pressure, it is a negligible amount. Based on its surface temperature of 6,000 K, most photons that leave the Sun's surface lie in which region of the electromagnetic spectrum? Which of the following is not a characteristic of the 11-year sunspot cycle? (D). D) They are thick clouds on the sun, blocking its light. B) The Sun is generating much less energy than we think it is. The Sun will exhaust its nuclear fuel in about a very small asteroidlike body orbiting the Sun. B) They are extremely rare. D) core. C) Nuclei have to be very hot in order to fuse, and the only way to get them hot is to bring them close together. 2. Which of the following is not true about sunspots? E) helium, energy, and neutrinos. B) It predicted that the Sun would shrink noticeably as we watched it, and the Sun appears to be stable in size. 5) Which of the following statements about the sunspot cycle isnottrue? B) weak force C. It decreases to 1/4 its original magnitude. B) The chromosphere is the source of infrared light, and the corona is the source of ultraviolet light. A. Which of the following is TRUE? is itchy, painful, red, or bleeding is unusual in color Preventing sunspots You may be able to prevent sunspots on your face by limiting your exposure to UVA and UVB rays. These are now known as the Galilean moons: Io, Ganymede, Europa and Callisto. sufficient to halt the collapse. With his observations of the phases of Venus, Galileo was able to figure out that the planet orbits the Sun, not the Earth as was the common belief in his time. D A pulsating white dwarf star, fluctuating rapidly in brightness. D) only by using sophisticated computer models, because there are no observational ways of measuring magnetic field strength. D. Nowhere on Earth does day length vary by as much as 24 hours. These . E) gradually expanding in size, How do human-built nuclear power plants on Earth generate energy? Sunspots are areas on the surface of the Sun that appear darker than their surrounding regions. C) The chromosphere is the source of X rays, and the corona is the source of radio waves. increases the temperature to the point where a new nuclear, fusion Large, dark sunspots can persist on the Suns face for periods of days or weeks, though smaller ones tend to appear and vanish much faster. C absorbs most ultraviolet wavelengths. A) the electromagnetic force B) The problem arose only because experimental data were being misinterpreted; on re-examination, the old data showed that the expected number of neutrinos were being detected. D) tunnels in the outer layers of the Sun through which photons can escape more quickly than through the radiation zone Yes, sunspots do circulate around the Sun. C) attract each other. stratus cirrus altocumulus cumulus nimbostratus 27) Which of the following is false regarding air masses? Which of the following is not true regards to Earth as system? known B) 100% hydrogen and helium C) The rate at which fusion occurs would decrease, leading to a contraction of the core, which would in turn cause a further temperature rise. Satellites in low-Earth orbits are more likely to crash to Earth when the sunspot cycle is near solar maximum because B) another name for the way sunspots look on the surface of the Sun C) small variations in the rate of nuclear energy generation in the solar interior Which of the following is not true of sunspots? D) nuclear fusion. B) With each subsequent peak in the number of sunspots, the magnetic polarity of the Sun is the reverse of the previous peak. compared the movement of gases in the corona. 3. Which of the following is not true of sunspots? Earth represents an open system in terms of energy. how (or if) their lifetimes depend on mass. All latitudes on Earth, except the Equator, experience unequal daylengths. Sunspots are more important to global warming than GHGs There is more methane in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide Arctic Greening will absorb most of the carbon we emit to the atmosphere Greenhouse gases are by far the largest contributor to modern global warming Volcanic explosions can cool Earth's climate for hundreds of years E) because they are so small. structure, origin, temperature. Sunspots are concentrations of magnetic field in the photosphere of the Sun which appear as dark spots on the Suns surface. It primarily absorbs harmful infrared wavelengths. D) core, corona, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, What are the appropriate units for the Sun's luminosity? A) 1,000,000 K. B b. A) tunnels in the outer layers of the Sun that allow photons to escape and form the solar wind One important aspect of the study of binary star systems, as, distinct Which of the following is true with respect to the. C The top of the Earth's atmosphere is approximately. *b. the monitoring of a distant object without physical contact. Which of the following sequences is arranged in order from shorter wavelength to longer wavelength? They appear dark because they are cooler than other parts of the Sun's surface. ANSWER: Correct Chapter 11 Question 22 Part A Which of the following denotes the divisions of the geologic time scale in correct order of decreasing lengths of time . As the formation of sunspots approaches the Sun's equator, the polarity of the Sun flips. Earth's curvature, which presents varied angles to parallel solar rays. A "star" appears to become periodically dimmer for a few hours at, b. B E) Nothing: mass is conserved. B A) The number of sunspots peaks approximately every 11 years. Line spectra C. Light from sunspots D. The star's magnetic field You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. D) We see many sunspots on the surface of the Sun. Sunspots can appear in both the northern and southern hemispheres of the Sun, and usually occur in pairs of opposite magnetic polarity. E) none of the above. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. B E. All radio signals pass through this region virtually unaffected. A) Higher temperature would cause the rate of nuclear fusion to rise, which would increase the internal pressure, causing the core to expand and turn the Sun into a giant star. D. It is being depleted through interactions with human-produced chlorofluorocarbons. Sunspots can last for a few days, weeks, or sometimes even months, depending on their size. The core of the Sun is B) 5,800 K. The distance between corresponding points on any two successive waves is known as the. Which is closest to the temperature of the core of the Sun? "Recent" events are those that date back tens of thousands of years. A) ejected into space in a solar wind. The Sun was once postulated to be a cooling ember, but that would have meant the Sun would have been much hotter in its immediate past (just a few hundred years ago) and people could not have lived in such a hot environment. B) They are regions that are significantly cooler than the rest of the photosphere. B. Chlorine freed from CFCs only remain in the atmosphere for several days, on average. Which of the following statements is NOT true for sunspots? Which of the following statements is not true about the planets so far discovered around other stars? *c. They often appear in pairs or clusters. c. TrueFalse. The surface of the Sun is a very busy place. d. C) The Sun generates energy through nuclear reactions while nuclear power plants generate energy through chemical reactions. D) They actually are fairly bright, but appear dark against the even brighter background of the surrounding photosphere. D) our mathematical models of the solar interior are fairly accurate. This low density in turn causes the Suns energy to be absorbed unevenly, creating areas on the surface that are cooler than their surroundings. four regions: ranging from the troposphere to the thermosphere. C) The Sun emits light of longer average wavelength. The overall fusion reaction by which the Sun currently produces energy is By what process do nuclear power plants on the Earth generate energy? E) converting gravitational potential energy into electricity. It results from chemical reactions with chlorine derived from CFCs. Sunspots may also be caused by changes in the Suns rotation, which can cause its poles to move, creating changes in the magnetic field and sunspot activity. What happens to energy in the convection zone of the Sun? The people living at 40 N or S experience about six-hours difference in daylength from winter to summer. Question 4 options: They are holes where we can see into the the interior of the Sun. E) magnetic fields lift material from the surface of the Sun, cooling off the material faster. b. The temperature of the Sun's photosphere is, 11. D) dust particles in the Sun that haven't been turned into plasma the same mass as the four hydrogen atoms, because any product has, d. D) structure within sunspots. E) Sunspots can produce flares and prominences. 5. ________ refers to changes in daylength and the Sun's altitude over the course of the year. If one fourth of the original muons reach Earth before decaying, about how big is the height h? Thus, the observations that confirm this prediction support the theory. D) converting kinetic energy into electricity D) The planets need more and more energy to maintain any life on them as time goes on, and therefore the Sun must bet hotter. B) Nuclear reactions in the Sun become more efficient with time, so that each fusion reaction releases more energy when the Sun is old than when it is young; this in turn raises the Sun's luminosity. a. The ESSAY. E) Sunspots can produce flares and prominences. Here's a detailed explanation for each option: the BEST answer for each question and, mark D) 37,000 K. What is the solar wind? Because they have very thin atmospheres that do not emit, continuum B 30 seconds. B) use hot gas to create a small Sun in a laboratory. D A star's lifetime does not depend on its mass. sunspot equilibria). A C) chemical reactions Furthermore, the magnetic fields associated with sunspots have the ability to absorb light, providing the dark spots with an even further reduction in contrast. d. d. 9. D A E. Atmospheric pressure is greatest in the mesosphere. A) variations in the height of the solar surface New resources and matter are being added to Earth's systems all the time. A) hydrogen compounds. Which of the following major perturbations can occur to a close, binary During solar maximum, the number of sunspots visible on the surface of the sun can be dozens or more. As you plunge through the "surface" of the Sun, the photosphere, the temperature will be a slightly cooler 5,800 K, compared to the outer layers, and you will see the slightly cooler regions of sunspots and the granulation on the surface caused by the convection underneath. C) about a thousand trillion The intricate patterns visible in an X-ray image of the Sun generally show with a precise period of 11.3 years. The chromosphere is the layer of the Sun that we see as its visible surface. Where are the most massive stars to be found in the main sequence of, b. C) radiation and elements like carbon and nitrogen. D) measuring Doppler shifts to observe solar vibrations Sunspots are most prevalent in an 11-year cycle; the number of sunspots peaks about every 11 years. Which of the following correctly describes how the process of gravitational contraction can make a star hot? A) an imbalance in the operation of the solar thermostat B) gravitational contraction. Granulation is evidence of what phenomenon? Sunspots are cooler areas on the sun's surface that are relatively darker than the surrounding surface and are caused by intense concentration of magnetic fields. young C) Newtons d. D) Neutrinos rarely, if ever, interact with your computer. D) the winding of magnetic field lines due to differential rotation Which of the following is characterized by the longest wavelengths, 12. They are distributed approximately uniformly over the Sun's surface both in position and in time. C) vibrations seen at the solar surface These models make predictions about how bright and how big the Sun is, which we can then compare with observations. B) The rate at which fusion occurs would increase, leading to an expansion of the core, which would in turn cause the temperature to drop back down. the luminosity of stars reaches a peak at around 1 solar mass. a. they can be several times larger than earthb. A dam is used to hold back a river. apparent brightness against distance for stars near to the Sun. A) The chromosphere is the source of ultraviolet light, and the corona is the source of X rays. B core temperatures reached at this stage of development is. A) The Sun becomes less efficient and must increase the rate of fusion to produce the same amount of energy. How nuclear fusion turns hydrogen to helium b. (Image credit: SOHO) The first of these refers to strong disturbances to Earth's magnetic field caused by ejected solar. Two of the protons are ejected back into the solar material. A) because there are so rare An air mass initially reflects the, As the Earth is a much cooler body than the sun, the Earth emits: A. ultraviolet radiation B. short-wave infrared radiation C. long-wave radiation D. visible light radiation, Select the correct map type or mapping method for the above map? Which of the following best describes the current status of our understanding of the solar neutrino problem? It occurs in large amounts in the atmosphere relative to other gases, such as nitrogen and oxygen. B) gravitational force and outward pressure E) the weak force. A. How long will the Sun have spent as a main sequence star when it. C) 4 H 4 He + energy. C) The brightening and darkening of the Sun that occurs during the sunspot cycle affects plant photosynthesis here on Earth. a contracting spherical cloud of gas surrounding a newly formed, *d. They are likely carved out by turbidity currents, which occur when sediment-laden water rapidly moves down slope. a mixture of gases that behaves like single gas. The top of the Earth's atmosphere is approximately sunspots are brighter than the rest of the D) convection zone Sunspots have been continuously counted each day since 1838, which has allowed solar scientists to describe a repeating pattern in the wax and wane of activity on the Sun's surfacethe solar. The 11 year sunspot cycle on the Sun is, a. C) Energy slowly leaks outward through the radiative diffusion of photons that repeatedly bounce off ions and electrons. E. The circle of illumination passes through both poles. C. They can be larger in diameter than Earth. A 8. a somewhat irregular but always present cycle of build-up and, d. D) No one understood how it could be possible for neutrinos to be produced in the Sun. The interior of the Sun is under such high pressure that it is a, 31. They can spawn eruptive disturbances such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs).

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